It only concerns the electron configuration in the atom. Unfortunately, however, the current atomic models do not give a clear image of the atomic structure in this regard. Therefore, in order to understand the fundamental mechanism of any physical properties of solids such as superconductivity, it is essential to know how the electron, proton, and neutron are arranged in the atom. In solid-state physics, the physical properties are determined by how their constituent atoms combine or interact with other atoms, which is dependent on the specific atomic structure. However, as far as the physical properties of solids are concerned, there appears to be no room for quarks to do something. Quarks can only be observed indirectly in very specific environments (1). In particle physics, the electron is an elementary particle that cannot be divided into smaller ones, and the proton and neutron are composed of elementary particles called quarks. The atom is known to consist of sub-atomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms are not elementary particles that make up ordinary matter, but they determine most of the physical properties of solids. This new atomic model gives a perfect match with the current periodic table of elements and also the specific quantum number of each constituent plecton (formerly electron) in the atom.Īs is well known, ordinary matter consists of atoms. The maximum plecton number (or the number of plecton-neutron pairs) in the outmost shell of an inert atom increases with the square of the reduced atomic radius. ![]() The building block piles up spherically and makes a collection of 4He units to be stable elements. In the new atomic model, the plecton and neutron in the atom are in dynamic equilibrium and exchange their forms and energy constantly. A neutron combined with a plecton plays a role to be the elementary building block of the atom. Instead of the old atomic models, in which electrons are orbiting the nucleus, a new atomic model is proposed, in which the electron and proton are not separated in the atom but exist in the form of protium, called the plecton. Min Tae Kim, The KMT Institute for Theory of Everything, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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